/*
  Reading a serial ASCII-encoded string.
 This sketch demonstrates the Serial parseInt() function.
 It looks for an ASCII string of comma-separated values.
 It parses them into ints, and uses those to fade an RGB LED.

 Circuit: Common-anode RGB LED wired like so:
 * Red cathode: digital pin 3
 * Green cathode: digital pin 5
 * blue cathode: digital pin 6
 * anode: +5V
 created 13 Apr 2012
 by Tom Igoe
 This example code is in the public domain.
 */
// pins for the LEDs:
const int redPin = 3;
const int greenPin = 5;
const int bluePin = 6;

void setup() {
  // initialize serial:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  // make the pins outputs:
  pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);

}

void loop() {
  // if there's any serial available, read it:
  while (Serial.available() > 0) {

    // look for the next valid integer in the incoming serial stream:
    int red = Serial.parseInt();
    // do it again:
    int green = Serial.parseInt();
    // do it again:
    int blue = Serial.parseInt();

    // look for the newline. That's the end of your
    // sentence:
    if (Serial.read() == '\n') {
      // constrain the values to 0 - 255 and invert
      // if you're using a common-cathode LED, just use "constrain(color, 0, 255);"
      red = 255 - constrain(red, 0, 255);
      green = 255 - constrain(green, 0, 255);
      blue = 255 - constrain(blue, 0, 255);

      // fade the red, green, and blue legs of the LED:
      analogWrite(redPin, red);
      analogWrite(greenPin, green);
      analogWrite(bluePin, blue);

      // print the three numbers in one string as hexadecimal:
      Serial.print(red, HEX);
      Serial.print(green, HEX);
      Serial.println(blue, HEX);
    }
  }
}

/*
  ASCII table
 Prints out byte values in all possible formats:
 * as raw binary values
 * as ASCII-encoded decimal, hex, octal, and binary values
 For more on ASCII, see http://www.asciitable.com and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
 The circuit:  No external hardware needed.
 created 2006
 by Nicholas Zambetti
 modified 9 Apr 2012
 by Tom Igoe
 This example code is in the public domain.
 
 */
void setup() {
  //Initialize serial and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
  }

  // prints title with ending line break
  Serial.println("ASCII Table ~ Character Map");
}

// first visible ASCIIcharacter '!' is number 33:
int thisByte = 33;
// you can also write ASCII characters in single quotes.
// for example. '!' is the same as 33, so you could also use this:
//int thisByte = '!';

void loop() {
  // prints value unaltered, i.e. the raw binary version of the
  // byte. The serial monitor interprets all bytes as
  // ASCII, so 33, the first number,  will show up as '!'
  Serial.write(thisByte);

  Serial.print(", dec: ");
  // prints value as string as an ASCII-encoded decimal (base 10).
  // Decimal is the  default format for Serial.print() and Serial.println(),
  // so no modifier is needed:
  Serial.print(thisByte);
  // But you can declare the modifier for decimal if you want to.
  //this also works if you uncomment it:
  // Serial.print(thisByte, DEC);

  Serial.print(", hex: ");
  // prints value as string in hexadecimal (base 16):
  Serial.print(thisByte, HEX);

  Serial.print(", oct: ");
  // prints value as string in octal (base 8);
  Serial.print(thisByte, OCT);

  Serial.print(", bin: ");
  // prints value as string in binary (base 2)
  // also prints ending line break:
  Serial.println(thisByte, BIN);

  // if printed last visible character '~' or 126, stop:
  if (thisByte == 126) {    // you could also use if (thisByte == '~') {
    // This loop loops forever and does nothing
    while (true) {
      continue;
    }
  }
  // go on to the next character
  thisByte++;
}

ASCII Table ~ Character Map
!, dec: 33, hex: 21, oct: 41, bin: 100001
", dec: 34, hex: 22, oct: 42, bin: 100010
#, dec: 35, hex: 23, oct: 43, bin: 100011
$, dec: 36, hex: 24, oct: 44, bin: 100100
%, dec: 37, hex: 25, oct: 45, bin: 100101
&, dec: 38, hex: 26, oct: 46, bin: 100110
', dec: 39, hex: 27, oct: 47, bin: 100111
(, dec: 40, hex: 28, oct: 50, bin: 101000
), dec: 41, hex: 29, oct: 51, bin: 101001
*, dec: 42, hex: 2A, oct: 52, bin: 101010
+, dec: 43, hex: 2B, oct: 53, bin: 101011
,, dec: 44, hex: 2C, oct: 54, bin: 101100
-, dec: 45, hex: 2D, oct: 55, bin: 101101
., dec: 46, hex: 2E, oct: 56, bin: 101110
/, dec: 47, hex: 2F, oct: 57, bin: 101111
0, dec: 48, hex: 30, oct: 60, bin: 110000
1, dec: 49, hex: 31, oct: 61, bin: 110001
2, dec: 50, hex: 32, oct: 62, bin: 110010
3, dec: 51, hex: 33, oct: 63, bin: 110011
4, dec: 52, hex: 34, oct: 64, bin: 110100
5, dec: 53, hex: 35, oct: 65, bin: 110101
6, dec: 54, hex: 36, oct: 66, bin: 110110
7, dec: 55, hex: 37, oct: 67, bin: 110111
8, dec: 56, hex: 38, oct: 70, bin: 111000
9, dec: 57, hex: 39, oct: 71, bin: 111001
:, dec: 58, hex: 3A, oct: 72, bin: 111010
;, dec: 59, hex: 3B, oct: 73, bin: 111011
<, dec: 60, hex: 3C, oct: 74, bin: 111100
=, dec: 61, hex: 3D, oct: 75, bin: 111101
>, dec: 62, hex: 3E, oct: 76, bin: 111110
?, dec: 63, hex: 3F, oct: 77, bin: 111111
@, dec: 64, hex: 40, oct: 100, bin: 1000000
A, dec: 65, hex: 41, oct: 101, bin: 1000001
B, dec: 66, hex: 42, oct: 102, bin: 1000010
C, dec: 67, hex: 43, oct: 103, bin: 1000011
D, dec: 68, hex: 44, oct: 104, bin: 1000100
E, dec: 69, hex: 45, oct: 105, bin: 1000101
F, dec: 70, hex: 46, oct: 106, bin: 1000110
G, dec: 71, hex: 47, oct: 107, bin: 1000111
H, dec: 72, hex: 48, oct: 110, bin: 1001000
I, dec: 73, hex: 49, oct: 111, bin: 1001001
J, dec: 74, hex: 4A, oct: 112, bin: 1001010
K, dec: 75, hex: 4B, oct: 113, bin: 1001011
L, dec: 76, hex: 4C, oct: 114, bin: 1001100
M, dec: 77, hex: 4D, oct: 115, bin: 1001101
N, dec: 78, hex: 4E, oct: 116, bin: 1001110
O, dec: 79, hex: 4F, oct: 117, bin: 1001111
P, dec: 80, hex: 50, oct: 120, bin: 1010000
Q, dec: 81, hex: 51, oct: 121, bin: 1010001
R, dec: 82, hex: 52, oct: 122, bin: 1010010
S, dec: 83, hex: 53, oct: 123, bin: 1010011
T, dec: 84, hex: 54, oct: 124, bin: 1010100
U, dec: 85, hex: 55, oct: 125, bin: 1010101
V, dec: 86, hex: 56, oct: 126, bin: 1010110
W, dec: 87, hex: 57, oct: 127, bin: 1010111
X, dec: 88, hex: 58, oct: 130, bin: 1011000
Y, dec: 89, hex: 59, oct: 131, bin: 1011001
Z, dec: 90, hex: 5A, oct: 132, bin: 1011010
[, dec: 91, hex: 5B, oct: 133, bin: 1011011
\, dec: 92, hex: 5C, oct: 134, bin: 1011100
], dec: 93, hex: 5D, oct: 135, bin: 1011101
^, dec: 94, hex: 5E, oct: 136, bin: 1011110
_, dec: 95, hex: 5F, oct: 137, bin: 1011111
`, dec: 96, hex: 60, oct: 140, bin: 1100000
a, dec: 97, hex: 61, oct: 141, bin: 1100001
b, dec: 98, hex: 62, oct: 142, bin: 1100010
c, dec: 99, hex: 63, oct: 143, bin: 1100011
d, dec: 100, hex: 64, oct: 144, bin: 1100100
e, dec: 101, hex: 65, oct: 145, bin: 1100101
f, dec: 102, hex: 66, oct: 146, bin: 1100110
g, dec: 103, hex: 67, oct: 147, bin: 1100111
h, dec: 104, hex: 68, oct: 150, bin: 1101000
i, dec: 105, hex: 69, oct: 151, bin: 1101001
j, dec: 106, hex: 6A, oct: 152, bin: 1101010
k, dec: 107, hex: 6B, oct: 153, bin: 1101011
l, dec: 108, hex: 6C, oct: 154, bin: 1101100
m, dec: 109, hex: 6D, oct: 155, bin: 1101101
n, dec: 110, hex: 6E, oct: 156, bin: 1101110
o, dec: 111, hex: 6F, oct: 157, bin: 1101111
p, dec: 112, hex: 70, oct: 160, bin: 1110000
q, dec: 113, hex: 71, oct: 161, bin: 1110001
r, dec: 114, hex: 72, oct: 162, bin: 1110010
s, dec: 115, hex: 73, oct: 163, bin: 1110011
t, dec: 116, hex: 74, oct: 164, bin: 1110100
u, dec: 117, hex: 75, oct: 165, bin: 1110101
v, dec: 118, hex: 76, oct: 166, bin: 1110110
w, dec: 119, hex: 77, oct: 167, bin: 1110111
x, dec: 120, hex: 78, oct: 170, bin: 1111000
y, dec: 121, hex: 79, oct: 171, bin: 1111001
z, dec: 122, hex: 7A, oct: 172, bin: 1111010
{, dec: 123, hex: 7B, oct: 173, bin: 1111011
|, dec: 124, hex: 7C, oct: 174, bin: 1111100
}, dec: 125, hex: 7D, oct: 175, bin: 1111101
~, dec: 126, hex: 7E, oct: 176, bin: 1111110